For aspiring lawyers, there are two major destinations that stand out in terms of their prestigious legal systems and educational establishments - the USA and the UK. Both countries offer excellent opportunities for students to train for a career in law, but they have distinct differences that it’s important to consider before making a choice.
In this blog post, we will delve into the key aspects of law studies in USA and UK to help prospective students understand the differences between these two popular destinations.
Table of Contents
Legal education structure: US vs. UK
Key factors to think about when deciding between the UK and the USA
Top law universities in the USA vs. UK
Application process for studying law in UK vs US
Typical expenses for education and living for studying Law in UK and US
Legal education structure: US vs. UK
While the United States and the United Kingdom both have highly regarded legal systems, their approaches to legal education differ significantly, with each country having its own set of requirements and standards.
1. Undergraduate education
In the UK, students who wish to become lawyers can opt to complete a three-year LLB program, or an alternative undergraduate degree plus a one-year GDL (Graduate Diploma in Law) conversion course.
The GDL is an option for students who did not study law for their undergraduate studies. It compresses the content of an LLB program into a shorter and more intensive course.
In the US, law is not typically studied as part of an undergraduate degree. Instead, undergraduates use the four-year program to prepare for further legal education in law school.
2. Postgraduate education
UK students with an LLB (or GDL) have two options for further legal education: Bar Professional Training Course (BPTC) or Legal Practice Course (LPC).
- BPTCs are for aspiring barristers, while LPCs are for those interested in becoming solicitors. Both courses take one year to complete and focus on specific areas of law.
- As of 2021, the Solicitors Qualifying Examination (SQE) is being phased in as the new centralised way to qualify as a solicitor in England and Wales. It will eventually replace the Legal Practice Course (LPC). The SQE is a new system of exams divided into two stages – SQE1 and SQE2 – and all prospective candidates will have to pass both stages of exams to qualify as a solicitor.
- The Master of Laws (LLM) is another possible postgraduate qualification in the field of law for UK-based students. It is a good option for those who, rather than becoming a solicitor/barrister, want to gain in-depth knowledge about an area of law, for example, Maritime Law, Cyber Law, or Medical Law and Ethics. It is open to those who already have a first law degree, typically takes one year (full time) or two years (part time) to complete.
- Previously, the only people who pursued an LLM did so to become familiar with another legal system (generally that of the US or the UK) or as a stepping stone to a career teaching law, but that has is no longer the case.
In the US, students must take the LSAT and apply to law school after completing their undergraduate degree.
- The LSAT tests reading comprehension, logical reasoning, and pattern recognition skills.
- Accepted students spend three years studying for a Juris Doctor (JD) degree in law in the US, with no distinction between types of lawyers.
- It is also possible to study a law Master’s (LLM) in the US. Typically, students from the USA would carry out an LLM post-completion of their JD. An LLM is a nine-month to a year-long programme focused on research and/or analytical study of the law.
3. Further qualifications
In the UK, after completing their 4-5 years of schooling, aspiring lawyers begin a 2-year pupillage or training contract.
- These hands-on experiences prepare them for the legal profession.
- Securing these opportunities is competitive, but leads to qualification as barristers or solicitors.
In the US, after completing the JD degree, law graduates must pass a state-specific bar exam to practice law.
- Each state has its own unique bar exam, making mobility between states complex.
- Wisconsin is the only state where graduates from specific law schools can skip the bar exam through Diploma Privilege.
Key factors to think about when deciding between the UK and the USA
One of the biggest decisions prospective law students have to make is where they want to study. The UK and US are both countries with prestigious institutions and renowned legal systems. Beyond reputation and academic excellence, there are crucial factors that need careful consideration when choosing between these two options, including living costs, tuition fees, and career plans.
1. Living costs
Naturally, living expenditures are subject to fluctuations influenced by the specific city, university, and individual lifestyle preferences, however, many aspects of daily life, such as grocery shopping, social activities, and dining out, are relatively evenly matched in the UK and US.
When considering university accommodations, the pricing across the UK is relatively consistent, albeit slightly higher in London. On the other hand, rental costs in the US exhibit significant variation based on the state, with urban centres consistently commanding higher prices than college towns.
2. Tuition fees
Tuition fees for a law degree are typically higher in America compared to the United Kingdom. In the USA, the top universities offering this program are often private institutions. On the other hand, most universities in the UK are government-funded.
Tuition fees at UK universities for British students are generally £9,250 per year, while International students can expect to pay between £10,000 and £26,000 annually for lecture-based undergraduate degrees at universities across the UK.
In the USA, the average tuition costs are typically higher, ranging from $11,260 (public four-year, in-state) to $29,150 (public four-year, out-of-state). Private non-profit four-year degrees cost an average of $41,540.
3. Curriculum
US law schools offer a diverse range of courses and electives, allowing students to focus on specific areas of interest.
- Practical experiences, such as moot court competitions and internships, are encouraged in the US legal education system.
- These experiences develop skills and ethical consciousness while forging professional connections.
UK law schools follow a standardised curriculum focused on fundamental subjects like contract, tort, and criminal law.
- The academic framework in the UK emphasises theoretical and historical perspectives on legal matters.
- Students are actively involved in critical analysis, research essay composition, and interactive seminars.
- These activities refine research methodologies, analytical capabilities, and academic writing skills.
4. Career planning
Law graduates in the US have a variety of career paths to choose from, including private law firms, government agencies, non-profit organisations, international corporations, academia, and the judiciary.
- The legal landscape in the US is known for its richness, competitiveness, and dynamism.
- The nation's robust economy, thriving high-tech industry, and culturally diverse environment provide numerous opportunities for specialisation and potential clientele.
- Attending law school in a specific region in the US can be beneficial for those interested in practicing there because states administer the bar exam.
In contrast to the US, law graduates in the UK face a more nuanced spectrum of career options influenced by the legal market and economic dynamics.
- The UK legal sector has a higher degree of specialisation and conservatism with a focus on traditional practice areas such as commercial law, litigation, and conveyancing.
- Graduates pursuing legal careers in the UK may encounter heightened competition levels and a more limited job market compared to their American counterparts.
Top Law universities in the USA vs. UK
Image source: Shutterstock/Tada Images (Harvard Law School)
Accreditation is crucial in choosing a law school as it ensures quality standards are met. The American Bar Association (ABA) accredits US law schools, while the Solicitors Regulation Authority (SRA) and Bar Standards Board (BSB) accredit UK law schools.
Ranking is also important and reflects a school's reputation, resources, and outcomes. US law schools are ranked by organisations like US News & World Report based on factors such as academic prestige and employment rates. Law schools in the UK (England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland) are ranked by league tables like The Guardian, considering factors like student satisfaction and teaching quality.
Both the QS and Times Higher Education produce global rankings related to law schools.
Top Law universities in the US
Top Law universities in the UK
Application process for studying law in the UK vs US
As we have already explored, law degrees in the US are postgraduate. Law schools typically look for:
- a Bachelor’s degree from an accredited institution.
- a good GPA.
- a solid LSAT score (the test evaluates reasoning skills and reading comprehension).
- Candidates usually need to provide a personal statement, recommendation letters, and sometimes an interview to showcase their motivation, personality, and fit with the school.
- Applications are made through the prospective university's website.
In the UK, there are both undergraduate and postgraduate options for law studies.
- For undergraduate law degrees (LLB),applications are made via UCAS (Universities and Colleges Admissions Service). This centralised system allows students to apply to multiple universities with one application, which currently includes a personal statement (this due to change in January 2025).
- Some UK universities require the LNAT (National Admissions Test for Law) as part of the application process.
- Applications for GDL courses should be made through the Central Applications Board.
- Applications to universities in the UK for a Master in Law or LLM are submitted via the prospective university's website.
Typical expenses for education and living for studying law in the UK and US
The cost of law school education can vary significantly between the US and UK, influenced by factors like tuition, living expenses, and financial aid.
In the US, law school tuition can range from $20,000 to $60,000 per year, with public schools generally offering more affordable options. Living expenses, including housing, food, transportation, and books, can add another $20,000 to $30,000 per year. Financial aid, such as scholarships, grants, and loans, can be pivotal in supporting students through their legal education journey, particularly those in need.
In the UK, law school tuition ranges from £9,250 to £20,000 annually, with most universities charging higher fees for international students. Living costs, encompassing accommodation, food, transport, and books, may add another £7,000 to £10,000 per year. Financial aid options like bursaries, grants, and loans are available but are more limited compared to the US. They may not cover the full expenses of law school education, so planning ahead is key.
Unlock your legal education journey
We hope that this article has helped you understand more about the processes involved with applying to law school in both the US and the UK, and some of the differences between studying the subject in each country.
You can also read more about law degrees in the US and how to become a lawyer in the UK on our blog, Kings Life.
At Kings, we offer a range of university preparation and pathway programmes in both the UK and USA, as well as English language courses.
- In the UK, our four UK colleges offer pre-university courses including GCSEs and A-levels, and specialist foundations for international students, such as the Advanced Level Foundation.
- Through our Guaranteed Outcome programs in the US, students begin a bachelor’s degree at one of our partner universities in Boston, New York, California, Oregon and Wisconsin. After 2 years they are then able to transfer to a Top 50 or Top 100 university, from where they will graduate.
- We also offer semester abroad programs (in Boston, California, New York and Oregon), for those who would like to experience American College life without taking a full degree.
- For those who require English preparation, we also offer a range of English language programs, from general English tuition to exam preparation courses and specialist English for career success.
If you would like more information about programmes with Kings in the UK or USA, you can send us a message using the Live Chat or Enquiry Form.
Alternatively, you can send us an email enquiries@kingseducation.com
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
How does the path to becoming a lawyer differ between the US and the UK?
The path to becoming a lawyer differs between the USA and the UK. In the United States, the process involves obtaining a four-year undergraduate degree, passing the LSAT (Law School Admission Test), attending law school for three years, and passing the Bar Exam in the state where they intend to practice.
On the other hand, in the UK, students must first obtain an undergraduate degree in law (or an undergraduate degree in a different subject plus a one-year 'conversion' course known as a Graduate Diploma in Law), followed by a one-year vocational course and a two-year apprenticeship or training contract at a law firm.
What opportunities do students have for hands-on legal experience in each country?
Aspiring lawyers in the UK and USA have plenty of opportunities to gain hands-on experience in the legal field. Students in the UK can participate in mooting competitions, where they simulate a courtroom experience by presenting their cases in front of judges. They can also intern with law firms, work at legal clinics, or volunteer with charity organisations that offer legal advice and services.
In the USA, law students can join moot court or mock trial programs, which not only train them in courtroom advocacy but also allow them to build their professional network. They can also clerk for judges, work as research assistants for legal scholars, or participate in pro bono projects that serve underprivileged clients. Earning practical experience in the legal profession can enhance students' skills, build their confidence, and provide them with exposure to various areas of the law.
Are there differences in the types of law students can specialise in?
The choice to specialise in a specific area of law is a significant decision for any law student, whether in the UK or the USA. While both countries offer a diverse range of specialities, there are differences to note. Graduates in the UK, for example, tend to have a greater focus on traditional areas of law such as property, criminal, and family law. In contrast, US law schools offer a more expansive list of options including intellectual property law, environmental law, and entertainment law.
What are the job prospects like for law graduates in each country?
For aspiring lawyers looking to make their mark in the world, the UK and USA are two of the most promising places to study and start their careers. Both countries boast a strong legal system, a competitive job market, and numerous opportunities for professional growth and advancement.
In the UK, the legal job market is highly competitive due to the abundance of law schools and graduates. However, if you manage to get a training contract or a pupillage opportunity, your prospects shall spell for a bright future.
In the USA, the job market for lawyers is expected to grow at a higher than average rate, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Therefore, it is safe to say that law graduates have a good chance of finding employment in the US. Nevertheless, in both countries, networking, and gaining work experience are crucial components in securing a career in the legal field.
